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Authors
Zhou, Da https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1376-4213
Song, Jiahao https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7809-0187
Fang, Kun
Li, Jingrun
Han, Guangyu
Zhang, Xiaoming
Wan, Shuling
Ji, Xunming
Meng, Ran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1190-4710
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China,China (82101390, 82171297)
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Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 8 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: As for MIMIC, the collection of patients’ medical information and even the creation of dataset resources were approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, who authorized a waiver of informed consent, and endorsed the data sharing plan. Moreover, access permission from the MIMIC-IV database was granted to one of the authors (J.H. Song; certification number: 14198955). Therefore, additional ethics approval and informed consent were deemed unnecessary.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
