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Authors
Meng, Shengnan
Li, Luonan
Liu, Yaning
Yin, Shijie
Zhao, Yuxuan
Zhang, Yuxi
Zhang, Xiaolin
Yu, Fengxue
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (H2022206478)
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 16 December 2025
Declarations
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: Approval of this study was obtained from the ethics review board of the National Center for Health Statistics. All participants gave written informed consent. The experimental protocol was established according to the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The study protocol was approved by the NHANES Institutional Review Board, and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, with all NHANES participants providing signed informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
