Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Fang, Kun
Shen, Jiacheng
Hu, Bangchuan
Shao, Ziqiang
Li, Li
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172153)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 2 August 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 25 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The MIMIC-IV and eICU databases were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA). The MIMIC-IV and eICU databases contain de-identified data with all patient identity information removed; the requirement for individual patient consent was waived. For the external validation cohort from ZPPH, approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board (approval number: No. 2020KY002), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
