Pan, Liwei
Lu, Fengfeng
Zhang, Wenwu
Cheng, Bihuan
Wang, Jie
Wang, Benji
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LMS25H150004)
Wenzhou Municipal Basic Scientific Research Project (Y20220495)
Article History
Received: 21 August 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval for the MIMIC-IV database was granted by the institutional review boards (IRBs) at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Since the database contains no protected health information, the IRBs authorized a waiver of the informed consent requirement as part of the approval process.
: The authors declare no competing interests.