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Authors
Xu, Zixiang
Qin, Sisi
Jin, Qile
Huo, Yunjie
Rong, Liangqun
Wei, Xiu’e
Liu, Haiyan
Zhang, Cuicui
Zhang, Caiyi
Yuan, Shiqi
Wang, Dunjing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jiangsu Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates (202410313012Z)
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
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: Data were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV, Version 3.1). All patient information was de-identified to ensure privacy, and informed consent was not required for this retrospective database study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
