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Authors
Chen, Xueqi
Wang, Yifan
Dong, Mengying
Ma, Yao
Bo, Yun
Wang, Yan
Xia, Xueyi
Zhao, Weihong
Pei, Xiaohua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jiangsu Provincial Health Scientific Research Project (BJ21016)
the National Key Research and Development Program of China-Key Special Project on Science and Technology Responses to Proactive Health and Population Aging (2023YFC3605500)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171585)
the Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Think Tank Project (JSKX0225057)
the Jiangsu Province Cadres Health Care Project (BJ24006)
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Article History
Received: 5 September 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 31 December 2025
Declarations
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: CHARLS complies with the ethical guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and has secured ethical approval from Peking University’s Institutional Review Board (IRB 00001052-11015).
: All participants provided written informed consent before their involvement in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
