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Authors
Xiong, Xiaojuan
Zhou, Mi
Hu, Peng
Ren, Yunqin
Liu, Chang
Mao, Qingxiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the China Scholarship Council
the Chongqing Talent Program for Leading Innovation (CSTC2024YCJH-BGZXM0011)
the Joint Medical Research Project of Chongqing Science and Health Commission/Health Commission (2025MSXM042)
the Daping Hospital Project (ZXAIYB020)
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 3 January 2026
First Online: 13 January 2026
Declarations
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: The establishment of the MIMIC-IV database was approved by the Institutional Review Boards (IRB) of BIDMC and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which granted a waiver of informed consent. One of the authors of this study completed the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI) program and was granted permission to extract data (Certification ID: 66716350).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
