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Authors
Huang, Xiaolong
Yang, Yang
Jiang, Xiya
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
General Project of the Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Program (2025HY1021)
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Article History
Received: 6 September 2025
Accepted: 5 January 2026
First Online: 10 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted using publicly available, anonymized data from human participants in the NHANES. The ethical framework for the original data collection was established by the NCHS, whose Ethics Review Board approved all study protocols. Given that our research was a secondary analysis of this non-identifiable public data, further institutional ethical approval and participant consent were not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
