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Authors
Wu, Haosheng
Shen, Xueqian
Xin, Yu
Jiang, Xue
Guo, Caixia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The priming scientific research foundation for the junior researcher in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (2022-YJJ-ZZL-015)
The priming scientific research foundation for the junior researcher in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (2021-YJJ-ZZL-001)
National Youth Science Foundation (82200369)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171808)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7232022)
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 19 January 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study utilized data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The ethical approval or informed agreement was unnecessary since the data did not involve protected information, and the patients’ information was replaced with random codes. One of the authors has obtained the data usage agreement (certification number: 59614630).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
