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Authors
Chen, Defei
Li, Yuhui
Ran, Tailin
Song, Fu
Yang, Zheng
Tan, Weilin
Lu, Qiuyi
Tang, Lanxin
Yang, Lining
Bai, Dingqun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Innovation Program for Graduate Student of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CYYY-BSYJSKYCXXM202403)
National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC3604501)
Chongqing Talents Program Innovation and Entrepreneurship Demonstration Team (CQYC202203091113)
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Article History
Received: 19 September 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 21 January 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the 2020 CHARLS survey was obtained from the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University, under approval number IRB00001052-11015. The informed consent document was signed by each participant, retaining one for personal records and submitting the other to the CHARLS office.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
