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Authors
Wang, Yu
Dong, Caixia
Feng, Yanjing
Zhang, Wenqian
Yuan, Miao
Ma, Yao
Liu, Chang
Gao, Dengfeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82200424)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82400368)
Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province (2022SF-078)
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Article History
Received: 20 July 2025
Accepted: 13 January 2026
First Online: 21 January 2026
Declarations
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: The requirement for ethical approval was waived for both the NHANES and UK Biobank studies. The research protocol of the internal dataset study was reviewed and approved by the medical ethics committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Ethical approval document No. 2024-180). All participants provided written informed consent at the beginning of the study.
: All participants provided written informed consent for the publication of any associated data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
