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Authors
Zhou, Hongmin
Luo, Jun
Zhan, Xiangcheng
Yao, Xudong
Li, Dujian
Xie, Tiancheng
Xu, Yunfei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82101671)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81971371)
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 23 February 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Ethics Committee (Project identification number: SHSY-IEC-5.0/24K100/P01). The need for individual informed consent was waived by the ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study. The study protocol was retrospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400092429).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The author(s) declare that no Gen AI was used in the creation of this manuscript.
