Funding for this research was provided by:
National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (Grant no. BJ-2023-083)
Article History
Received: 11 September 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study used anonymous data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and complied with the ethical guidelines and regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Board, and all participants provided written informed consent before the study.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.