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Authors
Liu, Hanlin
Li, Mingxiao
Zhang, Ziyi
Duan, Yu
Yang, Ke
Liu, Jiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (L242029)
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Article History
Received: 19 September 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
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: The NHANES study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by NCHS Ethics Review Board. The Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052–11015) approved the CHARLS study. All patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
