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Authors
Liu, Wei
Li, Zhijuan
Ma, Pu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Joint Construction Project of Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Research Program (LHGJ20240429)
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Article History
Received: 15 June 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
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: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a publicly available database and approved by the National Center for Health Statistics institutional review board. All participants provided written informed consent when they did the national survey in the United States. Ethical review and approval were waived for this study since secondary analysis did not require additional institutional review board approval.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
