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Authors
Liu, Yang
Huang, Dongli
Huang, Yanhua
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Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was based on publicly available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which is conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The NCHS Research Ethics Review Board approved NHANES, and all participants provided informed consent. Since this study involves secondary analysis of anonymized data, additional ethics approval was not required.
: The author has read and approved the final manuscript and consents to publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
