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Authors
Tang, Jianyong
Wu, You
Ning, Peiwen
Liu, Jiahua
Chen, Congcong
Luo, Qiaoyi
Shi, Jianfei
Wang, Zengguo
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Article History
Received: 15 December 2025
Accepted: 24 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Ethics [Research] No. 2025–006–02) and adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and subsequent amendments.
: Not applicable.
: All participants’ personal information was maintained with strict confidentiality. As this study is retrospective and conducted in accordance with relevant Chinese ethical guidelines (Measures for the Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects), the requirement for informed consent was formally waived by the the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University following review.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
