Song, Hui
Zhou, Pan
Lei, Jing-heng
Zhou, Yue-jie
Cao, Zhi-hui
Li, Shu-ya
Deng, Zhe
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Clinical Research Fund of Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction Project (20253357007)
the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (KCXFZ2023073109410002)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471574)
the Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Trauma Treatment (LCYSSQ20220823091405012)
Article History
Received: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 26 April 2026
First Online: 19 May 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: This retrospective study analyzed de-identified data from the eICU–CRD v2.0 database. Original data collection was approved by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ethics Committee in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Database access required completion of training and registration. Individual patient consent was waived for this retrospective analysis of public, de-identified data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.