Chen, Jiange
Zhang, Haining
Ye, Yuntian
Zhao, Hongzhou
Liu, Aifeng
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82474538)
Second Batch of High-Level Health and Medical Talent Program in Tianjin (TJSJMYXYC-D2-028-2025)
Article History
Received: 2 December 2025
Accepted: 26 April 2026
First Online: 16 May 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tianjin Hospital (Approval No. 2024YLS119). Given the retrospective nature of the study, informed consent was not required by the Institutional Review Board. Patient data were anonymized to ensure confidentiality and used exclusively for research purposes.
: The authors declare no competing interests.