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Authors
Qi, Shanshan
Chen, Wenjie
Yang, Song
Wang, Sibo
Ni, Tongtian
Xu, Dan
Yang, Zhitao
Mao, Enqiang
Chen, Erzhen
Chen, Ying
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82100678)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470673)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82570766)
Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center Clinical Science and Technology Innovation Project (SHDC22024316)
Physician-Scientist Project of Shanghai Jiaotong University (20240804)
Project of Shanghai municipal health commission (202340068)
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Article History
Received: 29 November 2025
Accepted: 13 May 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Our study protocol was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Approval No. 2024–231). Patient data were analyzed with strict adherence to anonymity protocols. Since this was a retrospective study involving no additional interventions, informed consent from patients was waived.
Associated data: This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
