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Authors
Abu Khadija, Haitham
Darwish, Abdalaziz
Dabash, Alaa
Ibraheem, Kareem
Najajra, Duha
Fraitekh, Yahya Z.
Masu’d, Mohammad
Zahran, Anwar
AbuAlrub, Ibraheem
Abu Awad, Tala
Mousa, Rahaf
Dabash, Sondos
Abu Awad, Ameen
Khamaysa, Alaa
Salah, Ziad
AbuBaha, Mohammed
Fuqha, Raya
Hamarsheh, Sultan
Karam, Saja K.
Abdul-Hafez, Hamza A.
Hamdan, Yazan
Bdair, Amjad
Khaled, Ayman
AbuArayes, Abdelrahman
Najjar, Masa
Shaar, Oday Salah
Agbaria, Maria
Asaireh, Ayah
Qaisi, Waheed
Salih, Abdallateef
Barham, Taher Loai
Swidan, Izzeddin
Jaradat, Haya Adel
Raed, Maria Khaled
Khalili, Hasan
Abed El Baqi, Rajaa
Odeh, Taleen
Sallam, Abeer
Basit, Diana
Mukbel, Mohammad
Bakeer, Saeed
Faydi, Zein
Assi, Doaa
Motaz, Yazan
Ibreites, Sara
Sholi, Mohammed Yaser
Mokhaimar, Turkey
Hroub, Monther M.
Alhashlamon, Ahmad
Ghaith, Hamza M. A.
Alwahsh, Iman M.
Abusabha, Saja E.
Khderat, Noor
Odeh, Yazeed
Shawamreh, Israa Awni
Shuurab, Miar Saed
Abuhijleh, Elyaa
Swaitti, Maha Fayez
Neiroukh, Abrar Nidal
Saad, Reem J.
Baraghithi, Nora I.
Mansour, Maryam
Qupp, Salem K.
Awies, Ahmad
Daraghmeh, Sulaf Muath
Heih, Omar
Yaghmour, Hiba
Almuhtaseb, Rahaf
Nazzal, Nidal
Kmail, Rahaf
Shehadeh, Mustafa
Bsharat, Sameh F.
Othman, Wafiq Saleh
Darwazah, Ahmad K.
Nairat, Moath
Alkhatib, Hasan
Balousha, Ghassan
Abu Hamdeh, Nizar https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4209-0137
Alnees, Mohammad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5577-8499
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Article History
Received: 15 February 2026
Accepted: 21 June 2026
First Online: 2 July 2026
Declarations
:
: In accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, this study received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine (Approval No. EA/2022/18; Date: 3/3/2022). Before data collection, participants were provided with written informed consent forms accompanied by a clear explanation of the study’s purpose, potential benefits, and possible risks. Participation was entirely voluntary, and respondents were informed of their right to withdraw at any stage without any repercussions, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. All collected data were handled with strict confidentiality and securely stored. Moreover, official authorization was obtained from all collaborating academic and medical institutions participating in this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
