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Authors
Zhao, Zihang
Yang, Shuo
Zhang, Yousheng
Qiu, Changmao
Zhao, Ming
Wang, Xin
Long, Yubin
Wang, Fei
Li, Zhuoyi
Zhang, Ruipeng
Hou, Zhiyong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-4025
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Hebei Province Introduction of Foreign Intelligence Projects (2026)
the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province (246Z2003G)
the Hebei Yanzhao Golden Platform Talent Gathering Plan Backbone Talent Project (B2024005031)
the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department (BJ2025213)
the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (H2025206300)
the Key R&D Program of the China Ministry of Science and Technology (2024YFC2510600)
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2026
Accepted: 1 July 2026
First Online: 6 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University (approval No. 2023-002-1) and the Institutional Ethics Committee of Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital (approval No. 2024181). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Owing to the retrospective design and the use of de-identified routinely collected medical record data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committees.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
