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A regional measurement of China’s processing trade from the perspective of vertical specialization: 2012–2017

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40008-025-00357-2

Published Online: 2025-10-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Ren, Jia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3537-6534
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-04

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-04
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Article History

Received: 23 October 2024

Accepted: 1 August 2025

First Online: 4 October 2025

Declarations

:

: None.

: The author declares that he has no competing interests.