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Article History

Received: 14 April 2023

Accepted: 17 August 2023

First Online: 4 September 2023

Declarations

:

: The study individuals gave written consent to the storage of their samples for future use in studies; and the study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (dnr 2020-03684). The PD patients included were additionally part of the Stockholm BioPark cohort (dnr 2019-04967) and had been clinically assessed. The PD validation cohort used in the study originated from BioFIND (ExternalRef removed). The institutional review board of BioFIND approved the study protocol. Written informed consent was obtained from each study participant.

: Not applicable.

: Authors declare no competing interests. WP reports grants unrelated to this work from Åke Wibergs Stiftelse and The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research. AB reports consultancy unrelated to this work for AGTC, Alector (stock/options), Arkuda (options), Arvinas (options), Asceneuron, AZTherapies (options), Bioage, GSK, Humana, Lundbeck, Ono, Roche, Samumed, Sangamo, Stealth Therapeutics, Third Rock, Transposon, UCB and Wave, and received research support from the Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration, Biogen, Bluefield Project to Cure Frontotemporal Dementia, Eli Lilly, Eisai, National Institutes of Health (U19AG063911, U54NS092089, R01AG031278), and the Rainwater Charitable Foundation. PS reports grants from Karin and Sten Mörtstedt CBD Solutions AB, the Swedish Parkinson fund, the ALF program of the Stockholm Stockholm City, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research, the Swedish Parkinson foundation, Lexa/Nordstjernan, ASAP, and Van Geest Foundation.