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Authors
Assefa, Desyalew https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-2560
Tegegne, Bosena
Molla, Abatneh
Molla, Tsegaye
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Article History
Received: 8 March 2025
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Research Ethics Approval Committee of Debre Markos University, Ethiopia, and authorized by the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources (Ref. A/N/R/C 1920/26/2021). Written informed consent was also obtained from smallholder farmers and approved by the College Research and Technology Transfer Office at Debre Markos University.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
