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Article History

Received: 24 February 2024

Accepted: 5 May 2024

First Online: 29 August 2024

Declarations

:

: This is not applicable for my study. All the authors give informed consent to participate in the study.

: All the authors have unanimously agreed with the content and have explicitly provided consent for the publication of their data in the paper submitted to the Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials.

: We, the author’s team, certify that we have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (including honoraria, educational grants, participation in speakers’ bureaus, membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest, and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge, or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.