Jo, Min-Su
Kim, Hyeong-Gook
Kim, Dong-Hwan
Lim, Su-A
Jeong, Si-Hyeon
Lee, Jung-Yoon
Kim, Kil-Hee https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-1959
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education (2023R1A2C3002443, 2019R1A6A1A03032988, RS-2023-00239201, RS-2022-NF000835)
Article History
Received: 17 March 2025
Accepted: 29 May 2025
First Online: 24 September 2025
Declarations
:
: All authors of the manuscript confirm the ethics approval and consent to participate following the Journal’s policies.
: All authors of the manuscript agree on the publication of this work in the International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.