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Article History
Received: 20 December 2024
Accepted: 30 July 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Declarations
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: All authors of the manuscript confirm ethical approval and consent to participate following the Journal’s policies.
: All authors of the manuscript agree on the publication of this work in the International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
