Ji, Koochul
Wi, Sanghwon
Jun, Heejung
Suh, Jung-Il
Song, Haemin
Yoon, Jinyoung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4451-0953
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korea railroad institute (PK2502A2)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00459490)
Article History
Received: 21 April 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.