Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 12 February 2026
First Online: 23 April 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: Mundher O. Al-Handhal, Eng., Sunni Endowment Department.Mohammed Hadi Nahi, Lecturer (Ph.D), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Al-Iraqia, 10011, Baghdad, Iraq.Riyadh Alsultani, Lecturer (Ph.D), Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq.