Li, Liang
Zong, Miao
Li, Fengzeng
Wu, Jun
Wang, Donghai
Du, Xiuli
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52278474)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52078288)
Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Accepted: 21 February 2026
First Online: 23 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Authors have approved the manuscript and agree with its submission to International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials.
: There are no conflicts of interest regarding the submission of this manuscript. All co-authors have reviewed and approved the final version for publication. This work represents original research that has not been previously published, nor is it under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part.