Kalinowska-Wichrowska, Katarzyna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1760-3943
Kosior-Kazberuk, Marta https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8171-2242
Granatyr, Krzysztof https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6763-1742
Hammersley, Clara
Cadsoch, Hussein https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1849-8869
Chai, Hwa Kian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-9155
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki (WZ/WB-IIL/6/2023)
Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki (WZ/WB-IIL/5/2023)
VIA CARPATIA Universities of Technology Network named after the President of the Republic of Poland Lech Kaczyński (MEiN/2022/DPI/2577)
Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 22 March 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors have approved the manuscript and agree with its submission to International Journal of Concrete Structures and Material .
: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.