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Authors
Ng, Jun Yan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2548-397X
Wong, Qi Yi Ambrose https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5205-4033
Lim, Jun Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-1749
Cen, Dingyu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9608-564X
Wong, Jia Yi Karen https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2800-4451
Lim, Yi Ying Eliza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7116-8172
Sio, Yang Yie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3549-1706
Reginald, Kavita https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1530-5934
Say, Yee-How https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2363-5239
Chew, Fook Tim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1337-5146
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Article History
Received: 10 October 2024
Accepted: 25 December 2024
First Online: 8 February 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practices, and in compliance with local regulatory requirements. The cross-sectional studies in Singapore were conducted in the National University of Singapore (NUS) campus annually (Reference Code: NUS-07-023, NUS-09-256, NUS-10-445, NUS-13-075, NUS-14-150, NUS-18-036, NUS-2020-495) with the approval of the Institutional Review Board and by the Helsinki declaration. The cross-sectional studies in Malaysia were held in Sunway University (Reference Code: SUREC 2019/029 and SUREC 2022/049) with ethical approval from the Sunway University Research Ethics Committee. Before the data collection, all participants involved signed an informed consent form.
: All authors have read and consented to the publication of this manuscript.
: F.T.C reports grants from the National University of Singapore, Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund, Singapore Immunology Network, National Medical Research Council (NMRC) (Singapore), Biomedical Research Council (BMRC) (Singapore), National Research Foundation (NRF) (Singapore), Singapore Food Agency (SFA), Singapore’s Economic Development Board (EDB), and the Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) (Singapore), during the conduct of the study; and consulting fees from Sime Darby Technology Centre; First Resources Ltd; Genting Plantation, Olam International, Musim Mas, and Syngenta Crop Protection, outside the submitted work. The other authors declare no other competing interests.This research is supported by the National Research Foundation Singapore under its Open Fund-Large Collaborative Grant (MOH-001636) (A-8002641-00-00) and administered by the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council.
