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Authors
Shrestha, Asmita
Gaustad, Ann Helen
Øiaas, Janne Beate
Nordborg, Anna
Kommisrud, Elisabeth
van Son, Maren
Hansen, Terkel
Alm-Kristiansen, Anne Hege https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4350-1887
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Research Council of Norway (331878)
University of Inland Norway
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Article History
Received: 29 April 2025
Accepted: 13 July 2025
First Online: 3 September 2025
Declarations
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: The study did not require ethical approval, as the boars were part of standard semen production practices, conducted per Norwegian legislation, including the Animal Protection Act (December 20, 1974), the Animal Welfare Act (June 19, 2009), the Regulations for Management of Pigs in Norway (February 18, 2003), along with the European Union legislation on semen production for pigs (Council Directive 90/429/EEC).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
