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Authors
Tran, The-Thien
Mahotra, Manish
Sampathkumar, Kaarunya
Li, Wenrui
Yu, Hong
Yong, Ling Xin
Tan, Li Ling
Sun, Mingyue
Conway, Patricia Lynne
Loo, Say Chye Joachim
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education - Singapore (RG79/22)
Singapore Food Agency (SFS_RND_SUFP_001_06)
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Article History
Received: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 8 March 2026
Declarations
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: All experimental procedures in this study were reviewed and approved by the respective Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC). The fish growth trial was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines approved by the IACUC of the Singapore Food Agency (Approval No.: SFA-MAC-2024-01), while the pathogen challenge tests were performed under the ethical approval of the IACUC of Temasek Polytechnic (Approval No.: 202303-186 and 202312-191A).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
