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Authors
Chen, Yulu
Lonergan, Steven
Lim, Kyu-Sang
Cheng, Jian
Dervishi, Elda
Dyck, Michael K.
Steadham, Edward
Canada, PigGen
Fortin, Frederic
Harding, John C. S.
Plastow, Graham S.
Dekkers, Jack C. M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2017-67007-26144)
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Article History
Received: 5 January 2026
Accepted: 7 April 2026
First Online: 2 June 2026
Declarations
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: The project protocol was approved by the Animal Protection Committee of the Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault (15PO283) and the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Alberta (AUP00002227), and all procedures involving animals followed the Canadian Council on Animal Care guidelines (CCAC; ). Pigs were monitored daily by the Centre de développement du porc du Québec (CDPQ, ), farm personnel and veterinarians, and individuals pigs showing severe clinical signs or poor welfare were humanely euthanized when necessary.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
