Zhao, Haoran
De Ceuster, Ans
Akram, Muhammad Zeeshan
Comer, Luke
Fako, Elena
Corion, Matthias
Everaert, Nadia
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Scholarship Council (202206850006)
Article History
Received: 13 April 2026
Accepted: 27 August 2026
First Online: 10 October 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was authorized by the KU Leuven Ethical Committee (Protocol P134/2023) and performed at the animal facility of the Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven (Heverlee). All procedures followed the ARRIVE guidelines, while housing conditions adhered to the Ross 308 Broiler Management Manual.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.