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Authors
Sung, Yoolim
Lee, Ha-Jeong
Kim, Mi-Jeong
Shin, Ji Hye
Kim, Ji Young
Kang, Yeeun
Lee, Chaeeun
Kim, Duk-Hwan
Shim, Jae-Hyuck
Kim, Tae Jin
Chun, Eunyoung
Lee, Ki-Young
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea Grants (RS-2024-00405650)
National Research Foundation of Korea Grants (2023R1A2C1003762)
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Article History
Received: 27 November 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles stated in the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB#: 2010-07-204) of Samsung Medical Center (SMC, Seoul, Korea). Written informed consent to use pathological specimens for research was obtained from all patients before surgery. Lung tumor and matched normal specimens of enrolled patients were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at − 80 °C until use. Lung tumor tissues and matched lung normal tissues were verified by the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at SMC. Animal experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Sungkyunkwan University (IACUC #: SKKUIACUC2025-05-05-1).
: Patient’s consent was obtained from each patient prior to surgery for using their pathological specimens for research use.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
