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Authors
Reinoso-Peláez, Edgar L.
Saura, María
González, Carmen
Ramón, Manuel
Calvo, Jorge H.
Serrano, Magdalena
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI-2018-096487-R-C33)
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Article History
Received: 10 December 2024
Accepted: 10 June 2025
First Online: 1 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study involved the collection of vaginal exudate samples with sterile swabs as part of routine reproductive management practices conducted by the farm’s veterinarians. The procedures were minimally invasive and adhered to the Spanish Policy for Animal Protection (RD 53/2013), aligned with the European Union Directive 2010/63/UE. Written informed consent was obtained from the animal owners for participation in this study.
: All data included in this manuscript have been approved for publication and no additional consent is required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
