Uppal, Gurdip
Urtecho, Guillaume
Richardson, Miles
Comba, Isin Y.
Lee, Jeongchan
Moody, Thomas
Wang, Harris H.
Gerber, Georg K.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Hanna H. Gray Postdoctoral Fellowship (GT15182))
National Science Foundation (MTM2 2025512)
NIH NIGMS (R01GM130777)
Massachusetts Life Sciences Center (Research Infrastructure Program)
Brigham and Women’s Hospital (President’s Scholar Award)
Article History
Received: 24 January 2025
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Mouse experiments were conducted under Columbia University Medical Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol AC-AABD4551.No human subjects research was conducted as part of this study.
: Not applicable.
: H.H.W. is a scientific advisor of SNIPR Biome, Kingdom Supercultures, Fitbiomics, Arranta Bio, VecX Biomedicines, Genus PLC and a scientific cofounder of Aclid, none of which were involved in the study. G.K.G. holds shares of NVIDIA in a retirement account; he has no other financial interest in the company and the company had no involvement in this work. All the other authors declare no competing interests.