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Authors
Wright, Robyn J.
DeClercq, Vanessa
Burton, Christie L.
Roslin, Nicole M.
Chan, Alex W. Y.
Arnold, Paul D.
Peters, Paul
Schachar, Russell
Crosbie, Jennifer
Langille, Morgan G. I.
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Article History
Received: 19 February 2026
Accepted: 26 May 2026
First Online: 30 June 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Hospital for Sick Children research ethics board, approval number 1000062807 (19 April 2019). For participants younger than 13 years, a parent or legal guardian provided written informed consented and data about the participant and the child/adolescents provided assent. Participants 13 years and older had the option to consent for themselves if they were deemed to have sufficient capacity to provide informed consent and provide self-report data, otherwise consent and data were provided from a parent or legal guardian.Access to Atlantic PATH data and biosamples were approved under application #2018–103.
Consent for publication: Participants that enrolled in the Spit for Science study consented to deidentified results being shared in unspecified journal publications.
Competing interests: RS consults to Knight Therapeutics, AIMH Inc, Kye Pharmaceutics Inc and Otsuka Canada Pharmaceuticals. PDA receives grant funding from Biohaven Pharmaceuticals. All other authors declare no competing interests.
