Ouwerkerk, Jasper https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2556-2125
Kerkour, Thamila https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-1792
Mooyaart, Antien https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9810-5780
Zhou, Catherine https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7157-6341
Boers, Ruben https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3377-2897
Boers, Joachim
Gribnau, Joost
Wakkee, Marlies https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-901X
Li, Yunlei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5697-1602
Hollestein, Loes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8922-6791
Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 15 November 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The use of leftover diagnostic tissue samples for scientific research is based on the ‘no objection’ principle, as outlined in the Code of Conduct for Health Research by the Committee on Regulation of Health Research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest or financial interests except for RB, JB and JG, who report being shareholder in Methylomics B.V., a commercial company that applies MeD-seq to develop methylation markers for cancer staging.