Kwiatkowska, Katarzyna Malgorzata
Garagnani, Paolo
Ferraresi, Francesca
Bonafé, Massimiliano
Bacalini, Maria G.
Sala, Claudia
Castellani, Gastone
Gentilini, Davide
Calzari, Luciano
Ziegler, Dan
Gerrits, Monique M.
Faber, Catharina G.
Malik, Rayaz A.
Marchi, Margherita
Salvi, Erika
Lauria, Giuseppe
Pirazzini, Chiara
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Union’s Horizon 2020 (721841 PainNET)
Italian Ministry of Health
Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 24 December 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study has been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Lombardy Region Ethics Committee Section of the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta” (no. 56, 7 November 2018) and Ethics Committee of Maastricht University (NL36128.06S.11/METC 11-2-030).
: All participants provided written, informed consent for participation in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.