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Authors
Alafghani, Riman
Aljeaid, Deema
Shaik, Noor Ahmad
Banaganapalli, Babajan
Elango, Ramu
Khard, Ghayah
Habab, Wisam
Jadkarim, Ghada
Alshaer, Dalal Sameer
Almutadares, Mahmoud
Alrayes, Nuha Mohammad
Issa, Noha M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Grant No. (IPP: 1382-140-2025).)
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Article History
Received: 15 November 2025
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Reference No. 64 − 23). Informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
