Mei, Xuefang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0159-1119
Sheng, Wanxin
Zhang, Yani
Tian, Wenjie
Tian, Xiaowei
Yang, Zhenke
Wang, Shuai
Zhang, Zhenchao
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81802028)
Training Plan for Young Backbone Teachers in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province (2023GGJS104)
Science and Technology Planning Project of Henan Province (232102311113)
Doctoral Scientific Research Activation Foundation of Xinxiang Medical University (XYBSKYZZ202140)
Program for Science & Technology Innovation Talents in Higher Education of Henan Province (25HASTIT051)
the Opening Foundation of Shangqiu Medical College (KFKT23007)
Article History
Received: 7 May 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
:
: All experiments involved in this study were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Xinxiang Medical College (Reference No. XYLL-20210184). The 6-week-old female BALB/cA-nu mice of SPF grade were fed sterile feed and purified water in an animal house with appropriate humidity and temperature. When the infected mice were near death, they were humanely euthanized by exposure to 60–70% carbon dioxide for 5 min, making every effort to minimize their suffering. Occasionally, cervical dislocation was used to confirm the effectiveness of euthanasia.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.