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Authors
Qian, Men-Bao
Wang, Li
Huang, Ji-Lei
Zhou, Chang-Hai
Zhu, Ting-Jun
Zhou, Xiao-Nong
Lai, Ying-Si
Li, Shi-Zhu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373645)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82073665)
Shanghai Talent Program
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2300800)
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Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee in National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research). Informed consent was got from each participant or their guardians for those aged below 18 years.
: Not applicable.
: Xiao-Nong Zhou is an Editor-in-Chief of the journal Infectious Diseases of Poverty . He was not involved in the peer-review or handling of the manuscript. The authors have no other competing interests to disclose.
