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Authors
Navarro-Soler, Roser
Muriel, Alfonso
Fanciulli, Chiara
Bernardino, José I.
Sáez, Carmen
Zamora, Javier
Fernandez-Felix, Borja M.
de Morales, Alejandro G. García-Ruíz
Poveda, Eva
de Cea, Álvaro Mena
Martínez-Sanz, Javier
Moreno, Santiago
Serrano-Villar, Sergio
,
Jarrín, Inma
Dalmau, David
Navarro, M Luisa
González, M Isabel
Garcia, Federico
Iribarren, Jose Antonio
Gutiérrez, Félix
Rubio, Rafael
Vidal, Francesc
Berenguer, Juan
González, Juan
Muñoz-Fernández, M Ángeles
Jarrín, Inmaculada
Moreno, Cristina
Rava, Marta
Izquierdo, Rebeca
Marco, Cristina
Gómez-García, Teresa
Muñoz-Fernández, Ma Ángeles
Juárez, Roxana
Portilla, Joaquín
Portilla, Irene
Merino, Esperanza
García, Gema
Agea, Iván
Sánchez-Payá, José
Rodríguez, Juan Carlos
Giner, Livia
Reus, Sergio
Boix, Vicente
Torrus, Diego
Pérez, Verónica
Portilla, Julia
Pinargote, Héctor
Alemán, María Remedios
Lirola, Ana López
García, Dácil
Díaz-Flores, Felicitas
Alonso, M Mar
Pelazas, Ricardo
Hernández, María Inmaculada
Romero, Lucia
Bethencourt, Abraham
Rodríguez, Daniel
Asensi, Víctor
Magadan, Rebeca Cabo
Fernández, Lorena
Díaz-Arias, Javier
Pulido, Federico
Rubio, Rafael
Bisbal, Otilia
Hernando, M Asunción
Rial, David
de Lagarde, María
Pinto, Adriana
Bermejo, Laura
Santacreu, Mireia
Navarro Soler, Roser
Torres, Juan Martín
Iribarren, José Antonio
Aramburu, M José
Camino, Xabier
Goenaga, Miguel Ángel
Bustinduy, M Jesús
Azkune, Harkaitz
Ibarguren, Maialen
Kortajarena, Xabier
Álvarez-Rodriguez, Ignacio
Gil, Leire
Carmona-Torre, Francisco
Carlos, Ana Bayona
Sanz, Maialen Lekuona
Pavón, Claudia Nevado
Gutiérrez, Félix
Robledano, Catalina
Masiá, Mar
Padilla, Sergio
Pascual, Rafael
Fernández, Marta
Galiana, Antonio
García, José Alberto
Barber, Xavier
Abellán, Javier García
Telenti, Guillermo
Botella, Ángela
Mascarell, Paula
Carvajal, Mar
García-Sánchez, Lidia
Ena, Nuria
López, Leandro
Vallejo, Jennifer
Gonzalo-Jiménez, Nieves
Ruiz, Montserrat
Ledesma, Christian
López, Santiago
Espinosa, María
Quiles, Ana
Andreo, María
del Mar Alcalde, María
García, José
Hernández, Rosario
Escribano, José Carlos
Menchi, Marouane
del Mar García Navarro, María
de Quirós, Juan Carlos López Bernaldo
Gutiérrez, Isabel
Berenguer, Juan
Ramírez, Margarita
Gijón, Paloma
Aldamiz-Echevarría, Teresa
Tejerina, Francisco
Diez, Cristina
Pérez, Leire
Corral, Saray
Peraire, Joaquín
Rull, Anna
Martí, Anna
Viladés, Consuelo
Villar, Beatriz
Guillem, Lluïsa
Chafino, Silvia
Flores, Marina
Montero-Alonso, Marta
Tasias, María
Calabuig, Eva
Salavert, Miguel
Fernández, Juan
Blanes, Rosa
Sánchez, Jennifer
González-García, Juan
Delgado-Hierro, Ana
Arribas, José Ramón
Arribas, Víctor
Bernardino, José Ignacio
Busca, Carmen
Cano-Smith, Joanna
Cadiñanos, Julen
Castro, Juan Miguel
Escosa, Luis
Falces, Iker
Herranz, Pedro
Hontañón, Víctor
González-Baeza, Alicia
Martín-Carbonero, M Luz
Mayoral, Mario
Micán, Rafael
de Miguel, Rosa
Montejano, Rocío
Montes, Ma Luisa
Ramos-Ruperto, Luis
Rodés, Berta
Sainz, Talía
Sendagorta, Elena
Valencia, Eulalia
del Mar Arcos, M
de Gea Grela, Alejandro
López, Carlos Oñoro
Dalmau, David
Martinez, Marina
Jaén, Angels
Cairó, Mireia
Martinez-Lacasa, Javier
Font, Roser
Gisbert, Laura
de los Santos, Ignacio
de los Santos, Alejandro
García-Fraile, Lucio
Martín, Enrique
Sánchez-Cerrillo, Ildefonso
Calvet, Marta
Barrios, Ana
Bautista, Azucena
Ciudad, Marianela
Gutiérrez, Ángela
García, María Aguilera
Rubio, Violeta Sampériz
del Campo, Santos
Casado, José Luis
Dronda, Fernando
Moreno, Ana
Pérez, M Jesús
Vivancos, Ma Jesús
Vallejo, Alejandro
Sánchez, Matilde
Pérez-Molina, José Antonio
Hermida, José Manuel
de La Torre Tarazona, Erick
Moreno, Elena
Pedraza, Laura Martín
García, Claudio Díaz
Díaz, Jorge
García, Alejandro
Ron, Raquel
Bernal, Enrique
Alcaraz, Antonia
Bravo, Joaquín
Muñoz, Ángeles
Tomás, Cristina
Oliver, Eva
García, Eva
González, Román
Guijarro, Elena
Martínez, Rodrigo
Hernández, María Dolores
García, Federico
Martínez, Clara
Medina, Leopoldo Muñoz
Álvarez, Marta
Chueca, Natalia
Vinuesa, David
de Salazar, Adolfo
Fuentes, Ana
Guirao, Emilio
Ruiz-Sancho, Andrés
Anguita, Francisco
Faro, Naya
Chaves, Lucia
Illescas, Marta
Muñoz, Paloma
Pérez, Lucía
Del Romero, Jorge
Raposo, Montserrat
Puerta, Teresa
Vera, Mar
Ballesteros, Juan
Baza, Begoña
Orviz, Eva
Robledo, Manuel Sanchez
Villán, Laura Dans
Navarro, Ruben Linares
Yeguas, Ines Armenteros
Riera, Melchor
Peñaranda, María
Ribas, M Angels
Campins, Antoni A
Garcia-Gasalla, Mercedes
Fanjul, Francisco J
Murillas, Javier
Martin-Pena, Luisa
Artigues, Francisca
Pinecki, Sophia
Santos, Jesús
López-Jódar, María
Gómez-Ayerbe, Cristina
Viciana, Isabel
Palacios, Rosario
López-Cortés, Luis Fernando
Espinosa, Nuria
Roca, Cristina
Llaves, Silvia
Herreros, Marta
Sotomayor, César
Tiraboschi, Juan Manuel
Imaz, Arkaitz
Saumoy, María
Fernandez, Analuz
Costa, Jaime Vega
Gamito, Daniel Medina
Olalla, Julián
Pérez, Javier
del Arco, Alfonso
de la Torre, Javier
Prada, José Luis
Martínez, Onofre Juan
Martinez, Lorena
Vera, Francisco Jesús
García, Josefina
Alcaraz, Begoña
Martínez, Sergio Guillén
García, Patricia Carles
Mena, Álvaro
Pernas, Berta
Vázquez, Pilar
López, Soledad
Castelo, Brais
Galera, Carlos
Fernández, Marian
Albendin, Helena
Castillo, Antonia
Iborra, Asunción
Moreno, Antonio
Merlos, M Angustias
Ortuño, Almudena
Suarez-García, Inés
Malmierca, Eduardo
González-Ruano, Patricia
Ruiz, M Pilar
Balsalobre, Luz
Somodevilla, Ángela
Martínez, Rebeca Fuerte
Estrada, Vicente
Cabello, Noemí
Núñez, María José
Pérez-Somarriba, Juncal
Homen, Reynaldo
Muñoz, Ana
Barrado, Julia
Carralon, Maravillas
Sanz, Nieves
Olmedo, Susana
Sanz, José
Hernández, Cristina
Novella, María
Galindo, María José
Gómez, Sandra Pérez
Ferrer, Ana
Román, Antonio Rivero
Juárez, Antonio Rivero
López, Pedro
Frias, Mario
Camacho, Ángela
Pérez, Ignacio
Corona, Diana
Caballero, Javier Manuel
Torres, Laura Ruiz
Carrasco, Ángela
Marín, Marina Gallo
Casares, María
Muñoz, Lucía Rios
Martinez-Echevarría, Rafael Rodríguez-Rosado
Torres, Rafael
Sánchez, Juan Macías
Rincón, Pilar
Real, Luis Miguel
Corma, Anaïs
Martín, Jésica
Pérez, Alexandre
Morano, Luis
Miralles, Celia
Ocampo, Antonio
Alonso, Jacobo
Martínez, Inés
López, Aida
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERINFEC, co-funded by the European Union (PI21/00041)
Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERINFEC, co-funded by the European Union (PI24/00078)
Instituto de Salud Carlos III and CIBERINFEC, co-funded by the European Union (IM23/INFEC/4)
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, and by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Ramón y Cajal (approval number 275/24). All participants provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: RN reports personal fees from Gilead Sciences Inc, and grants and personal fees from ViiV Healthcare, outside the submitted work, and support for attending meetings and travel from Gilead and Janssen S.S.V. reports personal fees from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, and Microviable Therapeutics for developing educational presentations; non-financial support from Gilead and ViiV; and research grants from MSD and Gilead Sciences. JIB has received personal fees and aducational grants from VIIV healtcare, Gilead Sciences and MSDS.M. reports grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from ViiV Healthcare; personal fees and non-financial support from Janssen; and grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from MSD and Gilead Sciences. The other authors have declared no competing interests.
