Hammoud, Cyril https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5367-1404
Van Bocxlaer, Bert
Tumusiime, Julius
Verschuren, Dirk
Albrecht, Christian
Umba Tolo, Casim
Huyse, Tine
Funding for this research was provided by:
Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks (BR/165/PI/TRAIL)
Research Foundation–Flanders (11C5221N)
Research Foundation–Flanders (K204519N)
French Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche, the Hauts-de-France Region and the European Funds for Regional Economic Development (CPER ECRIN)
Article History
Received: 18 December 2025
Accepted: 31 July 2026
First Online: 24 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: We thank the Uganda Wildlife Authority, the Uganda National Commission for Science and Technology and the Ministry of agriculture, animal industry and fisheries for approving this research (research permit reference NS639, material transfer agreement COD/96/05, CITES certificate 004303).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.