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Authors
Lalach, Lindsay A. R.
Chimienti, Marianna
Lenske, Ariel K.
McClelland, Gregory T. W.
Joy, Ruth
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Simon Fraser University
Funding was provided by Environment and Climate Change Canada through the Oceans Protection Plan
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Article History
Received: 13 January 2026
Accepted: 17 April 2026
First Online: 18 May 2026
Declarations
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: All animal handling and tagging procedures were conducted in accordance with institutional and provincial regulations and guidelines. This research was approved by Simon Fraser University’s University Animal Care Committee under protocol #1337ES-22. Field activities were authorized under the British Columbia Wildlife Act Permit MRNA23-799201 issued by the British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Resource Stewardship, which permitted Environment and Climate Change Canada to deploy GPS-GSM tags on Brandt’s Cormorants in the Salish Sea during the non-breeding season. Additional animal care approval was granted through a Wildlife and Habitat Branch Animal Care Application with the British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors have no competing interests or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.
