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Authors
Priester, C. Robert
Fontes, Jorge
Buyle, Fred
Das, Diya
Macena, Bruno C. L.
Simpfendorfer, Colin
Olsen, Esben Moland
Afonso, Pedro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (UID/05634/2025, UID/PRR/05634/2025)
Regional Directorate for Science, Innovation and Development (M1.1.A/FUNC.UI&D/014/2025, M1.1.A/FUNC.UI&D/003/2021-2024, M1.1.A/REEQ.CIENTÍFICO UI&D/2021/010)
proWIN proNature Foundation
European Commission
Regional Science and Technology Fund of the Azores
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Article History
Received: 17 April 2026
Accepted: 10 May 2026
First Online: 3 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All shark handling and field procedures complied with national and institutional guidelines for the use of animals in research and were approved by the committee of animal welfare of the University of the Azores (ORBEA, reference COM/ALN/ORBEA/2023/001). Capture and handling were conducted by trained researchers certified with the Laboratory Aquatic Animal Science Course (Direção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária—DGAV) under research permits issued by the regional government of the Azores (Permits LMAS-DRPM/2024/06, LMAS-DRPM/2025/09, SAID-DRP/2024/434). Efforts were made to maximize animal welfare following the 3R principles Replacement, Reduction, Refinement. Minimum reporting standards for biologging research [15] are provided as checklists in the supplementary materials.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests
